Real Estate

3 things to consider before buying online

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Technology is becoming more and more sophisticated with each passing day, leading to advances that streamline the way people communicate, interact, work, and shop for goods. However, the ingenuity of people focused on finding new ways to take advantage of this technology in combination with their trusting nature has resulted in new realities. Some examples include recent breaches of commercial and political institutions using methods such as phishing scams and social engineering deceptions. Hackers (opportunistic information hijackers) use various channels to reach their victims, from phone, email, websites and even postal mail. This article will go a little deeper into how you can avoid falling victim to malicious activities perpetrated by hackers. Below are 3 things to consider before buying online.

1) Security

Security is paramount to protect your financial profile, but also your most intimate information. Before buying online it is important, and sometimes crucial, to avoid trivializing the security measures that websites take. For example, is a third-party certificate provider protecting the website? Do they use certificates such as the extended validation certificates offered by major web security providers, such as Verisign/Norton Secured and Thawte, to validate the authenticity and credibility of a company? Looking at the address bar and confirming that there is a green security symbol next to the URL beginning with “https://” helps confirm the security of a site. You may also want to confirm that the website is PCI compliant, an accreditation set by major credit card providers to confirm that the website is handling credit card information securely.

2) Confirmation of credibility

Confirming the credibility of an entity is another important factor to consider. There are many sites online that are created for the sole purpose of collecting end user information such as emails, passwords, secret security questions and answers in an effort to exploit and use this information to gain access to even more personal and private. One way to check the credibility of an online business is to validate that it has a historical presence, which removes the notion that it might be a passing operation. One resource you can access that might give you a trust rating would be to check with your local Better Business Bureau (BBB). They can be useful for getting information about the company behind the website along with their respective ratings. You can also do a simple search against reviews for that same business and confirm that a third-party vendor has tagged the business as a trusted entity, such as “Google Trusted Stores.” Some of these third-party seals also provide additional consumer protection against potential fraud.

3) Price transparency

It is easy to write about this topic. Consumers expect clear and unambiguous sales policies. That means the product being sold on a website must be clearly priced and any additional fees clearly described. This is of paramount importance to the inexperienced buyer who assumes that he is dealing with transparency while surprises lie in wait. Deceptive traders are sometimes very obvious with their tactics and at other times they can be quite covert about it. Some of the tactics may include hidden fees described as processing, insurance and handling fees or variations thereof. The simple result is that the consumer may be subject to a substantial increase in the cost of their item. In fact, the order total can increase by ten to fifteen percent. Fortunately, there is a simple way to avoid these bogus tactics. Go back to the simple sum and confirm that the total value of the ordered items adds up. Once you do, it will immediately highlight any discrepancies related to potential additional fees the provider might be trying to tack on. This opaque sales strategy is a popular deceptive means used to trick the consumer into purchasing from a supplier that advertises low prices up front to entice the consumer, after which it can charge hidden and/or processing fees on the spot. back-end during the checkout process. It is important to identify vendors engaging in price gouging tactics because once all hidden and/or processing fees are added to the order, the savings the consumer was hoping for could be significantly diminished or even eliminated entirely.

Although the Internet offers many benefits ranging from open competition, home shopping, orders delivered conveniently to your doorstep, it is necessary to remain vigilant in an effort to safeguard your private information while enjoying your shopping experience. By following the tips above, you can greatly decrease the risk of these threats occurring and avoid intransparent pricing schemes from deceptive vendors.

Shopping Product Reviews

Important tips for driving in winter

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Nobody likes the unpredictability of sudden changes in the elements (and other factors). But winter is coming nonetheless. Along with the winter weather comes perhaps the worst part: winter driving. No one expects to drive in freezing temperatures, but the following tips will help make this season safe and warm.

But there are ways to prepare now for winter driving. And since preparation is perhaps the best defense against unpredictable circumstances, it’s never too early to think about the icy days ahead.

First of all, consider the weather. This can be as simple as always knowing the expected forecast for your trips. There are weather monitoring websites and programs that will provide detailed street-level weather information that can provide enough information to change your plans and keep you safe. Plan accordingly always knowing what is to come.

Second, prepare your car. Have your radiator checked this time of year. Be sure to check your antifreeze levels and have plenty of winter windshield washer fluid ready to go. Other car preparations include: checking the brakes, brake fluid, air pressure in the tires, as well as tread, heater, battery, and defroster. Making sure your car is in good condition could save you a cold winter night waiting for service on the side of the road.

There are a few other items that should be in your car at all times, in case of an emergency. Such items include: warm clothing including heavy boots, warm socks, a winter hat, gloves and extra clothing, a blanket or sleeping bag, a first aid kit, emergency energy foods such as granola bars, a working flashlight with extra batteries, a waterproof candle and matches, road flares, booster cables, sand, salt or kitty litter, an ice scraper, a small shovel, a phone list of emergency contacts, including doctors and companies trailer, and your personal cell phone and battery charger.

Lastly, never let your gas tank get more than half empty. During very cold weather, ice can build up in the tank and fuel lines. Keeping the tank full is best this time of year.

Winter driving can be threatening, but with an awareness of the conditions and some car preparation, we’ll get over all the ice, snow, sand, and salt ahead and drive into another beautiful spring that awaits us on the other side.

Sports

Law of Attraction Success Using Lucid Dreaming

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How to do the law of attraction

This is the part that everyone knows, the process. The process is always easy. Step one, step two, put it in the oven and take it out in 30 minutes… How does lucid dreaming fit in? First, let’s break down the process as we hear about it everywhere. It’s not wrong, it’s just backwards.

  1. Image what you want when you can be in a calm and uninterrupted state. Use all your senses and all your imagination to get into that dream now. Being at home or being in the car or being at work. Feel the feelings. Turn it into a movie complete with color and sound.
  2. ask for it imagining how much fun you are having. Don’t “need” it or start arguing with yourself if you deserve it or not.
  3. Receive it. Believe it’s yours now.
  4. Prepare for adversity. The bigger the dream, the more adversity you will need to prepare yourself, to become a bigger person. You will have to show persistence.
  5. Act on inspiration. The Universe will send you here or there and will bring opportunities into your life that will lead you in the direction of success.

We learn to use the process in first grade, if not before. This is easy. But that’s not how we pray, or the Law of Attraction.

The Law of Attraction starts when you take it out of the oven, and then you do step two and step one. The Law of Attraction is backwards. Mike Dooley first gave me a clue to this when he said that we imagine what we desire, and the Universe works backwards in time to create the circumstances that will allow it to happen. This stumped me for a few years, but I’m not one to forget about a dilemma. I’ll keep it until I figure it out. So, I would like to explain it to you.

cooking your dream

The Law of Attraction works backwards. There is No time in the spiritual place where your soul resides with the One/Source/Divinity. And, this is why our normal cause and effect, step one, two, three thinking is a bit off when it comes to Universal Laws, like the Law of Attraction. This is why lucid dreams are very helpful.

First, you must TO BE YOUR DREAM COMPLETED. You’ve heard that, I’m sure. This is the essence of A happy pocket full of money. Be the person you want to be. This is the cooking part of our process. After you have been the person you want to be, you will have the frequency of the person you want to be, and the Law of Attraction will bring you whatever helps you get there.

Simple sound? How do we become the person we want, BEFORE Do we have the help of the Law of Attraction? There are only two techniques to help with this and you have to learn them.

Meditation and lucid dreaming

Lucid dreaming is being aware of your dream while you are still asleep and still dreaming. This happens naturally when you start to wake up. You will be aware of fragments of your dream. It also happens naturally if you start having a nightmare that scares you or alerts your Ego (your conscious identity) that there is danger. Sometimes this causes you to wake up and let go of the dream, but it is possible to stay in the dream and consciously manipulate your avatar.

In a lucid dream, you can be the person you choose to be. You can be the writer, the artist, the musician or the opera singer. Live the life of your dreams. Immerse yourself in the vibrations of the person you choose to be. You can enjoy success and all the trappings of that success, whether you’re hoping for freedom or acclaim. Has to.

Meditation allows you to have a period every day where you deeply impress your subconscious with the actual conscious self of the person you want to be. This is where you can deeply visualize and feel the feelings, enjoyment, and satisfaction of being this person.

When you can do it in your dreams, and you can do it during your waking life, you can be whoever you choose to be. This will activate the Law of Attraction to bring it all to you, much faster than you could on your own.

Technology

Brushless DC Motors

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Motors play an important role in the lifting and running of a device. They are limited by weight, but the high-efficiency, power-capable motors can easily handle heavy-duty situations. Brushless motors are best used for quadcopters, multicopters, and drones.

Choosing engines for helicopter projects is not an easy task, so technical specifications such as thrust, power and RPM should be checked for each selection.

In general, when planning to set up your own project for the first time, you should consider the weight and then the thrust to lift the quadcopter. Thrust must be held higher for proper lift, flight, and landing. Based on general statistics, the thrust should be maintained twice the weight of the quadcopter.

Confidence is perfectly maintained, too low can create difficulties to take off and too high becomes difficult to control.

A light helicopter is more efficient and durable.

In addition, the battery is also considered an important element for a long life of the quadcopter. Lithium-polymer batteries are best suited for long-term operation, as they do not swell or heat up faster. Batteries should be charged when it reaches a minimum of 20 percent. Zero percent could reduce battery life. Brushless DC motors achieved high speed of 10000 RPM or more.

The brushless DC motor architecture sounds very simple and compact. A fixed armature is present in the brushless motor around which the permanent magnets rotate. Brushless DC motors are best suited as they produce high torque to weight ratio, increased reliability, more torque per watt, reduced noise, do not require brushes as they have long life, completely eliminate ionizing sparks from the switch and reduce electromagnetic interference. Brushless motor commutation is easily implemented using a microcontroller, analog hardware, or digital firmware using an FPGA. Brushless commutation has greater flexibility, speed limiting, holding torque when stationary, micro-stepping operation for slow or fine motion control.

Brushless motors cover a wide range of applications in the field of electronic devices including computer hard drives, DVD/CD players, refrigeration. They are also favorable to electric vehicles such as bicycles and hybrid vehicles. Users or students can use a brushless DC motor on various quadcopters, multicopters or drones by adding additional accessories for a specific function. Helicopters assist in remodeling, cargo transfer, surveillance, videography, and many more.

After improving its performance, again, both coils are energized and further improved in such a way that it pushes the rotor and energizes the coils. Thus, it results in increased torque and engine power. This great achievement is seen in this engine and it takes time for other types of engines to catch up.

Business

What are the benefits of private cloud computing for businesses?

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A private cloud computing platform is a stack of network, server, and storage hardware dedicated to you for the purpose of cloud computing. When you use a managed cloud computing service, your hardware stack becomes a customizable cloud of compute and storage resources that you can configure and reconfigure as and when you want. Why is this ability to configure and reconfigure your server resources with a private cloud computing platform so valuable? This is why.

With a typical dedicated server stack, which you manage or outsource, you select your server, storage, and networking needs, purchase them, and then live with that setup for 3-5 years. Over the course of those years, you can add memory, which isn’t too difficult. You may need to upgrade your drives, which is a bit more difficult. Over time you may need to upgrade the CPU, which is very difficult and expensive because it basically requires changing the entire server.

When talking to financial professionals, the following analogy can be used to describe the benefit of private cloud computing:

Imagine that you were responsible for bus transportation in a metropolitan area. He is preparing to order new buses that his community will need to live with for the next 7 years. Buses are available in 20, 30 or 50 seat configurations. You need between 1,000 and 1,100 total seats to accommodate your population and the routes you have designed to meet their needs. Each line is designed to maximize the use of a 20 or 50 seat bus. So you guess and buy twenty 20-seat buses and twelve 50-seat buses, and then expect it to be efficient for the next 7 years.

Interesting puzzle, huh? Even if it’s done really well, at the end of the day, there’s still plenty of room for inefficiencies and wasted resources.

Instead of being forced to live with the same resource configuration for several years, imagine you could buy a “cloud with 1000 bus seats” and reconfigure those seats at will into any size bus you want, at any time. The buses can be as small as a single seat or can have a bus with 1000 seats. Do you have a convention? Make buses of 4 x 200 seats between the hotels and the conference center. Having this flexibility is really powerful and valuable. Because? Because with the increased flexibility, you can have more seats in use at any one time, which requires significantly fewer seats and provides a better experience.

That could be called “transportation in the cloud”, and it would be the dream of every transport official. Now think of each bus as a server and you have “private cloud computing” – every IT finance manager’s dream come true.

An important new requirement

We have just seen the power of the flexibility provided by private cloud computing. Unfortunately, it introduces a level of complexity that wasn’t present before. There are some unique skills that need to be in place to really get the benefit of a private cloud.

Continuing the transportation analogy… now you have this new on-demand flexibility for your buses. All you need now is a team of people to monitor traffic flow and redesign buses with more or fewer seats based on demand and utilization. They would work feverishly to reduce waiting and route times for anyone who wanted a seat on any bus. Flexibility is powerful, but to get the most out of it, you need fairly sophisticated and complex (ie expensive) skills to dynamically change your settings to get the full benefits of flexibility.

In the world of computing, the thing to do is keep an eye on server, storage, and network resources. When one seems to be causing a bottleneck, provide more resources. You should also remember to reduce the amount of resources allocated to a server that doesn’t need it. If you don’t, it remains inactive and unavailable to another server that might demand it. This resource allocation process is powerful, but not cheap.

That is where you need to pay attention when designing your Private Cloud. You need it to automatically change cloud settings in real time so resources are where they need to be when they need to be there! In the blink of an eye and automatically, you should turn off cloud servers that are not being used and turn them back on when needed. This means that a small and extremely smart piece of software will have to constantly monitor your server, storage, memory and network resources and compare them with workloads. It will then estimate and forecast which servers need the most resources. After estimation, it should automatically reallocate resources, in real time, so you’re always using your cloud computing resources in the most efficient way. How cool is that? The dream continues…

cost
The beautiful ending to this story is that the final savings from idle capacity can be passed on to you. The cost of a well-designed private cloud computing platform is less than a dedicated server per server! So not only is it more flexible and can offer a lower total cost of ownership, but a managed private cloud can be absolutely cheaper. That is the benefit of private cloud computing.

Home Kitchen

Why you should use kitchen design software when planning your new kitchen

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When designing your new kitchen, you no longer have to rely on pen and paper, instead there are a number of different kitchen design software programs that you can easily use. These software programs allow you to design your own kitchen in the comfort of your own home, and then give you a virtual look at what the finished project will look like.

Many of the kitchen design software programs now available allow you to add color, lighting, furniture, and whatever else you need to design what you would like. Also, the best part of these programs is that they usually have catalog products from manufacturers and designers that you can choose from and include in your design. In fact, there are some software programs that have been created especially for kitchen design, such as 20-20 Design, Kitchen Design Software, and AutoKitchen Pro.

However, 20-20 Design is now recognized around the world and this program allows full color, 3D and photographic renderings and allows designers to achieve realistic kitchen environments from every possible angle with the added ability to zoom in on any section of the kitchen that they want.

The benefit of having a kitchen design software program is that it allows you to plan and design your kitchen before you start building it. Such software will allow you to choose the type of kitchen furniture, accessories and accessories (sinks, etc.), as well as the flooring that you may need for your kitchen. The benefit also allows the user of the program to visualize the kitchen before the construction process begins.

Another good software program to consider is AutoKitchen Pro, which is a standalone program and includes the Auto CAD OEM engine. This software includes universal cabinet catalogs along with a catalog editor that allows you to modify the height, materials, cabinet frames, and other features of any cabinet that interests you. This software program has over 150 cabinet door styles, as well as over 100 knobs and handles.

With any kitchen design software you use, it is meant to give you an idea of ​​what your kitchen will look like if you were to choose a certain color, fixtures, and appliances. Plus, it saves you money, since you’ll be able to see what the finished kitchen will look like before you build it. You can avoid costly mistakes you could make by trying to assemble the kitchen as you go. For even the smallest kitchen jobs, planning ahead can really save you money and can ensure you get a kitchen that looks exactly the way you want it.

Auto

The master key: empower your mind with cosmic awareness

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The Mastery Key system, since it was first released in 1912, has been surrounded by controversy. This book was initially banned by the Church and labeled as blasphemy. Written by Charles Haanel, this volume is a powerful tool. This masterpiece has been sadly neglected compared to other books.

Originally, this work was created as a correspondence course and not to be read in one sitting, like a novel. There are 24 chapters dealing with things like the basics of your mind, the creative mind, and the use of omnipotent power. The course was intended to be mailed weekly and you will find references to this in the Master Key System.

FH Burgess sets the setting for the book in the Introduction. He explains: The Master Key System is a way for anyone to tune into the vibrations of the universe. It’s pretty clear that Haanel had learned early on to harness Cosmic Consciousness.

Haanel then explains how to focus your mind by stating:

“The attitude of the mind necessarily depends on what we think. Therefore, the secret of all power, all achievement and all possession depends on our method of thought.” Clearly, his work is discussing the Law of Attraction. He basically says: the real secret of all power depends on what we think. If we can think it, we can make it happen. He also explains the stark difference between the conscious mind and the unconscious mind.

Haanel goes on to say that simply thinking is not enough. You need to direct your thoughts, “consciously, systematically and constructively.” Then you can turn your mind to what he calls The Universal Mind where you will tune in to infinity. Then you can set in motion the creative force of the universal mind: The Law of Attraction.

The power of The Master Key System is not only the explanation of the Law of Attraction and its potential, but Haanel also provides information and practical methods to make this a part of your own reality by using the law of attraction. If you are interested in The Secret, you must read The Master Key System.

Digital Marketing

Ten BE’s to increase your followers on social networks

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As a business owner or marketing strategist, social media is an important tool to increase brand awareness, we can see social media as a cocktail party, where you can network and have fun. I’ll explain 10 campaign must-haves to boost your social media strategy.

1. BE INTERESTING.

According to BBC News, the average attention span is less than 12 seconds, thanks to multiple devices and lots of distractions it’s really hard to stay focused and keep your audience entertained. The only way is to generate interesting content related to your service or product, there are a large number of formats according to each channel such as videos, interactive images and useful information applicable to your needs.

The best example is the TED Talks, their content is about generating content through guest speakers on the most interesting and trending topics in different industries.

2. BE AN EXPERT ON THE INTERESTS OF YOUR AUDIENCE.

Rule number 1. The more you know about your goal, the better your strategy will work. Who are you talking to? What do they do? Why do they buy your product/service? What are they doing? Where they are? What kind of content are they interested in?

Netflix knows us well, if you are watching comedy movies they will recommend others of the same type, the recommendations are driven by machine learning algorithms that analyze your interests and behaviors.

3. BE PART OF THE INFLUENCE TREND.

Influencer marketing storytelling is more realistic and followers can feel connected and identified with their day to day. Marketers are increasing their budget on influencers thanks to the impact on their audience.

Fiji Water teamed up with influencer Danielle Bernstein, who is a fashion blogger who offers workout videos with her personal trainer. The aim was to highlight the importance of hydration if you want to feel and look good, the name of the campaign is #weworewhat with #bodyworewhat.

4. BE EMOTIONAL.

We are human beings and even we live in a connected world, we want to feel different emotions in ads and campaigns to take the experience to the next level. The campaigns that manage to connect with your audience are the ones that will last a long time in their mind.

Dove is the brand that takes the perception of beauty as its core strategy, they don’t sell soap, they sell beauty to women to empower them to gain esteem.

5. BE FUN.

To attract your audience, you must be unique and enjoy this work. Pick a game, funny quote, meme, depending on your service or product to grab the attention of your audience.

Test, measure and repeat, you never know how your campaign is doing compared to other campaigns, just run experiments and see what happens.

6. TAKE INTO ACCOUNT YOUR DATA.

Imagine if you only run campaigns and don’t measure their performance, maybe you’re getting the results you want, but you don’t know exactly what’s driving a conversion or working with your audience. With your data, you can optimize your campaign and your bids.

A great example is Amazon, can you imagine this revolutionary business without data? Data gives information and information gives power.

7. BE STARTERS.

Inbound marketing is a whole strategy to increase traffic to your website and create conversions to get new customers. Content marketing is a part of that strategy, the first step is to identify the pain points of the brand and competition analysis. Then, create a persona (with the information you have in point 2), create content that offers value to your audience and do it with a CTA (Call to Action) where you can redirect them to a landing page and you can continue with a sale. strategy.

Chipotle captured gaming fans, chipotle fans with a successful entry strategy on “Chipotle Taste Invaders” with a burrito shooting laser tags, fighting additives and educating the customer on burrito ingredients.

8. BE CREATIVE.

Remember that you need to captivate your audience with your campaign and it is not necessary to just explain the products and services. One of the best campaigns is Metro Trains with “Dumbways to die” with catchy music and cartoon characters charting in the top 10 on iTunes within 24 hours.

9. BE HONEST.

And this is a bit related to why influencer marketing is having so much success now, the truth is that you will obtain the loyalty of your clients and you will retain them with honesty and transparency; if they trust you, you are a winner. Put yourself in a scenario where you’re really hungry and there’s a new restaurant someone told you about, but you’re not 100% sure how healthy it is, then you realize they cook your food in front of you; that will make you feel confident about how they prepare the food, what kind of ingredients and if it is fresh. The same happens with your company, the more transparent your product or service is, the better your audience will accept it.

One company with many negative comments about the quality of its food is McDonald’s. To attack this, the company creates a transparent marketing campaign called “Our Food. Your Questions” where McDonald’s answers all your questions about its food.

10. BE A FRIEND.

This is my favorite part, seeing the importance of these channels. In those days, we would not think of Facebook as a form of communication to resolve queries or problems with a brand. Today you can bring Customer Service to an entire experience by making it as personal as if you were in the store, as long as you are saving the customer time, energy and effort by having a satisfied customer or simply changing their perception if they have any inconvenience. .

The best example is a beautiful response from Lego, who could simply reply with a “standard message”, but it was so personalized and unexpected that it went viral on all channels.

Review your current campaign strategy and think about the information above and try to implement it in your own business.

Relationship

Fun activities and games for children

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There are certain times of the year when staying indoors due to the weather can make any child restless and give them cabin fever. You could allow them to spend that time in front of a computer console or in front of the TV all day, but what happens when the lights go out due to a power outage?

Here are some tips you can do today to prepare for that inevitable event:

  • Scan websites for free printable fun activities for kids. Coloring pages, masks, paper dolls or figures, craft projects, and experiments are just a few ideas of what the sites offer.

  • Create a supply chest and fill it with art supplies: crayons, non-toxic paints, paper, rulers, scissors, glue, scraps of fabric, etc. Look at garage sales, thrift stores, or your attic for scraps of fabric, buttons, ribbon, paper, etc.

  • Make a list of emergency supplies, and then divide the list among the children. Ask them to find as many items as on the list. You can adapt the list to include any items you can think of for the children to find.

This list of fun activities for kids is not all-inclusive, there are plenty of things you can get your kids to do when lights out that will pass the time quickly.

Some game ideas:

  • Board games: Monopoly, Life, Trouble, Sorry
  • Guessing Type: A game that involves an even number of players and a recorder who uses descriptions to guess words that you can pre-print on 3×5 cards. One side looks at the other and gives clues without saying the word.
  • Dry-erase paper or board: Hang Man, drawing-type game where you draw elements of the main object for others to guess.
  • Acting Games: Charades, Name That Tune (you can hum the notes)

You are not restricted when it comes to handheld games and you can easily find many in the store; The problem with most is that when the batteries die and spares die, you’re left with many quiet hours with nothing to do, especially if the weather forces everyone inside.

When the weather is the reason everyone stays inside, you can open your supply chest and start projects using the fun, free printable activities for kids as a guide. If you planned ahead, all the supplies on the list will be in the chest ready to go.

You can put on a talent show that shows everything your kids did during the time the power went out or while the weather prevented everyone from going outside.

Bad weather or power outages don’t have to be boring, and with a little preparation, they can bring family members together and turn a boring situation into a fun and productive one.

Legal Law

Rule against perpetuities

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The “rule against perpetuities” is often described as one of the most complicated legal rules in history!

Its origins date back to the days of feudal England, some say as far back as 1680, when landlords often sought to control the use and disposition of property beyond the grave, a concept often referred to as property control. “dead hand”

The rule against perpetuities was intended to prevent people from tying up property, both real and personal, generation after generation. In feudal England, the practice was to put land in trust in perpetuity, with succeeding generations living off the land without owning it. The catalyst for this practice was the evasion of certain taxes levied on the transfer of land upon the death of the owner. Perpetual trusts avoided the tax, but many people argue that the practice had the deleterious effect of concentrating large amounts of wealth among a few members of society.

The rule against perpetuities, then, was designed to ensure that someone actually owned the land within a reasonable period of time after the death of the grantor. To achieve that result, the rule stated that no interest in property would be valid unless it could be shown that the interest would vest, in any event, no later than 21 years after any lifetime at the time the interest was created.

Although the rule appears to be straightforward, it has become one of the most complicated legal rules for this reason: the rule requires, with absolute certainty, that an interest in property shall vest no later than 21 years after any lifetime at the time. of creation. of interest If there is any possibility that interest will not accrue during that period, then the donation fails ab initio, that is, from the moment the document creating the interest takes effect. For wills, it is the time of the testator’s death. For trusts, it is the time when the transaction is completed.

Let us consider some examples that illustrate the application of this rule:

1. John’s will states that Land A will be given to Joseph’s first son who turns 21. If Jose is to have children, they will certainly reach the age of 21 within 21 years of Jose’s death. Therefore, the gift does not violate the rule against perpetuities.

2. John’s will states that Land A will be given to Joseph’s first son to marry. The gift is void under the rule against perpetuities because (a) it is possible for José to have children during his lifetime and (b) if he does, there is no certainty that any of them will marry within 21 years of death. Jose’s.

3. John’s living trust states that upon his death, his friend Mary has the right to live in his home for life, then the home is given to Mary’s eldest son. The measurement period is Maria’s life, plus 21 years. Since the gift to Maria’s eldest son will, in any event, be given immediately after Maria’s death, the gift does not violate the rule against perpetuities.

4. John’s living trust states that upon his death, his Vermont farmhouse will go to the first member of his boy scout troop to earn the rank of eagle. The gift is void under the rule against perpetuities because it is possible for no one to earn the rank of eagle from their boy scout troop during their lifetime at the time of John’s death, plus 21 years. For one, the troop can cease to exist before someone reaches that rank.

The complexity of the rule against perpetuities is further evidenced by the problem of the unborn widow. Suppose John, from our previous examples, wants to give his property to his son, Joseph, and to Joseph’s wife, and then to his children.

The provision in John’s trust or will would look like this:

To José for life, then to his wife for life, then to José’s children.

This is a reasonable gift on John’s death, but it violates the rule against perpetuities.

Suppose that Joseph was married, but had no children, at the time of John’s death. This would mean that Joseph and his wife are Lives in Being. If Joseph’s wife died or if Joseph and his wife divorced and if Joseph remarried someone who was born after John’s death, then the new wife of Jose could not be a life. As such, she could outlive Joseph by more than 21 years, so the transfer to Joseph’s children after the death of Joseph’s wife would be outside the measurement period, thus violating the rule against perpetuities.

Now suppose that José was not married at the time of Juan’s death and that José married later. Again, Joseph’s wife would not be a life for the purposes of applying the rule, and it is possible that she could outlive Joseph by more than 21 years, thus preventing Joseph’s children from acquiring the property within the measurement period. .

If you think the rule against perpetuities doesn’t apply to you, think again. If you have a will or trust that establishes a contingent beneficiary in case something happens to the primary beneficiary, the rule against perpetuities comes into play. For this reason, if you have a will or trust, you probably have a clause that addresses this rule. Most are simply titled “Rule Against Perpetuities.”

In recent years, many states have moved to modify the rule or abolish it entirely. Part of the reason, of course, is due to the complexity of the rule itself. But there is also a growing trend in the country to remove any barriers to the accumulation and perpetuation of wealth, against which the rule against perpetuities has held firm for more than three hundred years.

With several states abolishing the contra perpetu rule altogether, we are now seeing the rise of estate planning vehicles specifically designed to perpetuate wealth from generation to generation. We’ll take a look at one of the more popular of those vehicles next time.

Next time: the “dynasty trust.”