Business

How Long Does it Take For Tissue Culture Plants to Maturate?

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How Long Does it Take For Tissue Culture Plants to Maturate?

Tissue culture is a type of propagation that produces new plants from existing plant tissue. This is a relatively new method that can be used by at-home hobbyists, small-scale growers, or large agriculturalists.

The duration it takes for tissue culture plants to mature depends on the plant species and how the plant responds to the culturing process. However, most of the time, it takes about 4 – 14 weeks until a plant has reached its full maturity.

Vegetative Growth

The duration of time it takes for tissue culture plants to grow vegetatively can vary widely depending on the plant species being studied, the stage in which they are entering the growth phase and the type of medium used. The most common stages of tissue culture are selection/preparation (stage 0), initiation/establishment (stage 1), multiplication/shoot production (stage 2), rooting (stage 3), and acclimatization/hardening (stage 4).

It usually takes several months for a wholesale tissue culture plants to start growing vegetatively after its introduction into the medium. During this period, the plantlet will become a bud and may produce a few leaves. Once the plantlet grows to a certain size, it can be transferred into a growth substrate such as rockwool or peat and placed under high humidity conditions for 2 weeks.

In order to promote the development of plantlets, different concentrations of hormones are added to the media. Auxins are the most commonly used compounds for promoting callus formation and root regeneration, but they can also stimulate the development of shoots and leaves. Cytokines are also frequently added to the nutrient media in order to stimulate cell division, growth and development of organs such as leaves and roots. The cytokinins are typically used at a concentration of 0.1-10 mg/L.

A fungicide is also sometimes added to the agar medium in order to reduce the amount of microbial contamination. Treatments including the fungicide captan, streptomycin sulfate, and a plant preservative mixture (PPM) were tested. The addition of the fungicide captan decreased the microbial contamination on nodal explants from genotype CPH by more than 50%, but the acclimatization with PPM and streptomycin sulfate did not have a significant impact on microbial contamination on the same genotype.

These studies show that microbial contamination can occur even after rigorous sterilization of donor plants. Therefore, it is important to assess the efficacy of sterilization methods for reducing the frequency of contaminants from donor plants.

In this study, we evaluated the response of five different genotypes to meristem shoot growth and nodal explant shoot growth as well as the development of callus on leaf and petiole explants. The results showed that both meristem and nodal explant shoots of all genotypes produced extensive callus within 4 to 8 weeks in tissue culture.

Rooting

When you’re trying to propagate plants in a lab environment, you need to make sure that the media is properly prepared and that you are using sterile equipment. If you’re not, even one fungal spore or bacterial cell can quickly overwhelm the small plant piece that you’re trying to clone.

Tissue culture is a process that uses tissue or cells from a live or recently harvested plant to produce clones (genetically identical copies of the original plant). This technique can be used for a wide range of purposes, including developing a specific strain or hybrid of a plant and creating uniform plants that are less susceptible to disease.

The length of time it takes for a tissue culture plant to root depends on the type of plant and how well it’s adapted to its new environment. Most shoot cultures can be observed after about three weeks, while roots are visible after six weeks or more.

This stage is known as the pre-planting or rooting phase, and it is essential to ensure that the plant can thrive in its final growing medium. This is because the plant is exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses when it’s transferred from the lab to soil, and it needs to be slowly acclimatized before it can successfully establish itself.

There are several types of plant tissue culture media, depending on the type of plant and the method by which it’s grown. They all have different growth and nutrient requirements, so it’s important to choose the right one for your application.

Generally, tissue culture media are based on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) Basal Salts Mixture. This is mixed with sugar and distilled water, and the pH is adjusted to 5.8.

A variety of plant hormones can also be added to the media, such as certain cytokinins that promote shoot formation or select auxins that encourage rooting. It is also possible to add agar, which thickens the media and allows for proper aeration of the cell cultures.

If you’re working with a plant that has a high sugar content such as banana, you can use an autoclaved medium to prevent sucrose from inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis. The resulting medium has a higher concentration of glucose than other media, which can increase chlorophyll production.

Flowering

Depending on the plant species and tissue culture medium used, it may take from days to weeks for cells to grow enough to form flowering tissues. Flowers are formed when cells have the right levels of hormones to initiate cell growth and produce a reproductive organ. They also need to be grown in the right environment, as the temperature and humidity can affect their development.

Typically, these plants are cultivated in the laboratory, but it’s not difficult to reproduce them at home with some basic supplies. The most important thing is to know the proper protocol for each specific plant. Whether you’re just looking to replicate your favorite garden plants or want to have a few new ones to add to the mix, knowing the right methods will save you time and money.

One of the most important steps in the process is ensuring that your specimens are clean. To avoid pathogens and bacteria, you should use sterilized tools to collect your plant material and rinse it thoroughly with sterile water before placing it into a tissue culture medium.

Aside from keeping the specimens clean, it’s important to make sure they are growing in the correct conditions. These include a high light intensity, the proper pH and a temperature range that is appropriate for the plants.

Tissue culture plants will have a more uniform genetic makeup than those purchased from local nurseries, which means they are usually disease-free. This is an important consideration if you plan to sell or market the product, as it will give you more confidence in its quality.

The process of tissue culture is a great option for growers who need plants in a short amount of time. It can also help you create a product that is highly standardized in its characteristics, so you can be sure you’re not selling something that’s contaminated with mold and other diseases.

Some tissue culture labs offer commercial propagation services, while others are operated by individuals. If you’re planning to start a business that uses tissue culture, be aware of the costs involved. These can range from tens of thousands of dollars to hundreds of thousands of dollars, depending on the size and goals of your business and where you purchase the equipment and labor.

Fruiting

During the flowering stage of tissue culture, some plants will produce fruit. This is called ‘fruiting’, and it can vary depending on the plant species being grown, the media used and the growth rates of individual plants.

Generally speaking, it takes between two and four months to mature, although some plants may take longer. During this time, the plants will continue to grow and change morphology, often forming different parts of the plant such as roots or shoots. During this time, they will also be changing their colours, as well as their shape.

The process of fruiting is an important part of the fungal life cycle, and many fungi are able to produce polysaccharides that provide health benefits to humans. The branched polysaccharides are particularly beneficial for people suffering from diabetes and obesity, as the compounds reduce blood sugar levels and can improve cholesterol levels.

A number of different enzymes and proteins are involved in fruiting, including those related to spore germination and reproduction, the cell wall degrading proteins and b-1,3-glucanase. The protein concentrations of a number of these enzymes increase during mycelial growth and then decrease at the onset of fruiting, while others do not change at all.

Some of these enzymes and proteins are also involved in the formation of a protective hydrophobic layer on the fruiting body’s surface, which is known to prevent water loss during drying processes. This layer is thought to be a key part of the process of fruiting.

Another major benefit of using fruiting bodies is the fact that they do not contain harmful chemicals that can be absorbed by the human digestive tract. For example, agaritine is one of the most common poisons found in cultivated Agaricus bisporus (mushrooms), and this hydrazine is a precursor to carcinogenic compounds that can add onto DNA [92].

Many large Canadian cultivators use tissue-culture methods to produce some of their plantlets, as these are disease free and can pass through phytosanitary inspections readily. They also see this as a way to outproduce their competitors in a national marketplace, industry insiders said.

Business

How quickly can you arrive at my location as a plumber near me?

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plumber near me

Trying to find a plumber is no longer as easy as it used to be. The Internet is full of charlatans who will take your money but aren’t capable of providing the service you need. The best way to ensure you’re hiring a qualified, reliable and trustworthy plumber is to ask for references and license information upfront.

Using a network of friends, neighbors, local review sites and online directories is an excellent start when searching for a plumber near me. If a name comes highly recommended or crops up multiple times, it’s likely that they are reputable and able to provide the services you need.

Once you have identified the type of work that needs to be done, contact a local plumber who can offer you a free estimate. Give them a detailed description of what needs to be fixed so that they can make a more accurate assessment of the time, tools and materials that will be needed to get the job done.

How quickly can you arrive at my location as a plumber near me?

The cost of plumbing services varies widely, depending on the complexity of the job. For basic jobs, plumbers charge between $45 and $65 per hour. They can charge more for after-hours or emergency calls, additional travel time, and parts.

If you have a large job that needs to be done, such as repiping your entire home, you should hire a professional plumber who can handle the job quickly and efficiently. This can save you a lot of money in the long run because it will prevent future leaks and other plumbing problems that will cost you more.

Hiring a plumbing service will also help you save money on your water bill because they can fix leaks quickly, which can save up to 10% of your total water usage. Leaks can also cause significant damage to your home and foundation, so it’s important to call a plumber as soon as you notice them.

A plumber will be able to come out and assess the damage, making them a valuable asset if you’re planning to sell your property. They can also provide valuable advice on how to avoid future plumbing issues and protect your home.

When it comes to fixing a drain, it’s vital to make sure that the plumber is equipped with the right equipment and knows how to use it properly. Using the wrong tool or not snaking the drain properly can cause serious damage to your home and lead to costly repairs in the future.

You can also make sure that the plumber you’re considering has the necessary licensing and insurance to do the job. If you’re unsure of the qualifications of your plumber, check with the Better Business Bureau.

If you’re looking for a professional plumber, you can always download the AllBetter app or Thumbnail app and put them in your back pocket. These apps are designed to remove the uncertainty surrounding the selection of local plumbing services and provide access to a range of high-quality home repair professionals in your area.

Business

The four personality types for network marketing

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I struggled to sponsor 4 people in my first year in Network Marketing. When I learned about the four personality types, I sponsored nearly 200 people into my second network marketing venture.

This article will give you an overview of the four personality types. Since there are four different personality styles and only one is your dominant personality, if you interact with all of your network marketing prospects in the same way, you will have a 25% success rate even if your sales skills are good.

Success means there is more cooperation in your communication than tension. When you’re more cooperative in your conversations with both your business partners and prospects, you’ll get more signups, make more sales, and more people will like you.

The four personality types are the Green Hedgehog, the Yellow Whale, the Red Shark, and the Blue Dolphin.

green hedgehogs – Green Hedgehogs are very analytical, cautious, skeptical and conservative. They are not big risk takers and are often the introverted loners in society. They may not be the friendliest personality type, but you can definitely build a relationship with them quickly when you learn to understand people.

yellow whales – Yellow whales are the nicest people and they are the best of friends. They are very trustworthy, honest, and very good listeners. They love to help others almost to the extreme, because bad people often take advantage of them.

red sharks – The Red Sharks are their leaders, high achievers and the best producers. If you appear weak and unsure of yourself when dealing with a Red Shark, he or she will eat you alive. They will hurt your feelings and couldn’t care less. Red Sharks may be the hardest people to get along with, but you will also get positive results with Red Sharks when you understand people.

blue dolphins – These are your social butterflies… your “people people”. They are the life of any party and love to be the center of attention. This is probably the type of personality that is easiest to get along with. You can’t help but like them!

We all have a dominant personality type. This is how we naturally act. You can even see the personality of a child and know how he will be as an adult.

Understanding people will bring you more positive results in your home business and in your personal life. Before I understood the four personality types, I was never in a relationship that lasted more than 3 months.

This information really changed my life in so many ways.

Home Kitchen

Kitchen Renovation Planning Checklist Part One: Before the Renovation Begins

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If you’re planning a kitchen renovation, this checklist will help you keep your renovation on track. The following list focuses on the work that needs to be done before the renovation can take place. The second part focuses on the demolition and construction phase of the kitchen remodel.

I. Pre-Renovation Planning:

  • Schedule a Home Appraisal: The purpose of a home appraisal is to help you set an upper limit for your renovation money. A general rule of thumb is that about 15% of your home’s total value can be spent on kitchen renovations (but that doesn’t mean you have to spend that much). Call your real estate agent or home appraiser for advice.
  • Schedule a home inspection: A home inspector, general contractor or renovation consultant will help you determine if there is any additional work that needs to be done in your home to support your kitchen renovation. For example, you want to know if you have any structural issues that need attention before proceeding with the renovation, as these will need to be accounted for in the estimate.
  • Schedule an energy audit: There are several new incentives right now to increase your energy efficiency, however, to qualify for those subsidies, your home must have an energy audit before you begin your renovation. Call an energy auditor to start the process.
  • collect design ideas: Before you meet with your architect, designer or contractor, gather some photos and magazine images of the kitchens you love and be able to say what you like about them. Being able to mentor your professional trades staff will save you time and money and help your designer have a clear understanding of how you envision your new space.
  • Consider the different functions of your new kitchen: Why are you renewing? Is it because the space is not ideal? Are the appliances old, is everything outdated? As you dream of your new space, keep a list of what you want to accomplish.

II. Renewal schedule:

  • Set a budget: Make sure your budget is realistic in terms of the types of finishes you want or can afford (ie stone or laminate countertops, wood or laminate flooring, subway or hand-painted tile backsplash, etc.) and if your budget includes new appliances. These costs can eat up a significant amount of your budget, and that’s before local labor, design, and permit costs. You can get an idea of ​​how much finishes and appliances will cost by visiting appliance stores and tile and flooring stores.
  • Hire Professionals– Kitchen designers, architects, interior designers, interior decorators, and general contractors all need guidance on what you want your new space to accomplish and whether your budget can accommodate marble countertops and high-end appliances. The more preparation you do before meeting with them, the easier the renewal process will be. When you have the professionals quote a project, make sure they all quote to the same specifications. If they aren’t, ask them to break down their quotes so it’s easier to compare with others.
  • Plan to timeline: Once you’ve hired your professionals, work with your designer or contractor to arrange when construction will take place and how long you’ll need to be out of your kitchen. It will help you make the necessary arrangements during construction.
  • Obtain building permits: You can have your contractor get the permits, or if you have the time, you can save some money by getting them yourself. Ask your contractor if obtaining building permits is included in your fee.
  • Install a temporary kitchen: If you don’t have to move to do the renovation, set up a temporary kitchen in another part of the house. It could be in the garage or in the laundry room. In summer a barbecue can become your stove.

The second part of the kitchen planning checklist focuses on the steps that were taken during the renovation.

Auto

7 questions to answer before choosing your remote control car

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You want to enjoy a new hobby, you saw these speedy remote control racers running over the rubble or between the dunes at your beach and you want one of these for yourself or your kids. However, how do you decide which RC car is right for you?

There are 7 questions you should answer to narrow your search.

1. Who is it for?

The simplest comes first, of course. Is it a toy for your child or is it fancy technology for you? The differences between them are in durability, power/speed, size, remote control range, complexity, and of course, price. As a clear differentiation, the toy versions are typically powered by standard household AA batteries and come in 1:32 to 1:16 scale, while the adult version comes in up to 1:5 in size powered by a lot of power. stronger power source.

2. What is the power source?

There are three options to choose between a Gasoline Remote Control Car, a Nitro Remote Control Car or an Electric Remote Control Car.

These three power sources create differences in cost, power accessibility, maintenance, and power output.

Your remote control petrol car runs on a mixture of regular unleaded petrol and 2-stroke oil which will generate considerably more power. You can buy your fuel at the gas station next door and thus keep your fuel cost low. Adding to that point is its low fuel consumption and low maintenance requirements. Gasoline powered RC cars are typically larger than their electric and nitro counterparts and often come in a 1:5 scale. On downsizing it often has a higher initial cost for these types of cars.

The Nitro RC Car runs on nitromethane, a fuel that is expensive and only available in specialized stores. Fuel often leaves a residue on your RC racer’s chassis and therefore requires high maintenance. You will also see higher fuel consumption than with the gasoline machine. So why buy these Nitro remote control cars? Because the material is powerful. These are usually the fastest racers on the block, their size normally being in the 1:16 to 1:8 range, rarely bigger. This makes the race a lot of fun. They are also often priced lower than their gas-powered counterparts.

Lastly, the electric remote control car is powered by a powerful rechargeable Li-Po battery pack. These cars are usually the next step from a children’s toy to an adult hobby. They are usually cheaper than the gas version, but are usually not as powerful or aggressive. While they have strong acceleration right off the bat, they often struggle to compete with the other two engines in the long run. Due to their clean energy source, they require less maintenance and can be operated indoors. They are usually the smaller version and can also come in the full-size versions of the gas and nitro racers, but with much less power.

3. Ready for the race or the kit?

Do you just want to race or is the excitement of building your own machine part of your excitement? Most RC cars come as “Ready to Race” versions where you don’t have to do much more than take them out of the box.

However, there are many models where you can assemble the car yourself and thus influence the appearance and performance of this car. You can go from a simple assembly as your everyday model kit to purchasing individual components of your car separately to improve its power and performance during operations.

4. Where do you want to run your remote control car?

The next question, respectively, the next set of questions is, what do you want to do with your remote control car? Is it a racer, is it indoor or outdoor (indoors of course, just the electric version), do you want to be on or off road? Do you want to drive it or is it more of a collector’s item that you want to display? Are you looking for a fantasy model or a real live replica?

5. What type/model of car should it be?

If you got past the questions above, you already have a pretty good idea of ​​what you want. Still, the choice of models is very wide and the first 4 questions somewhat limit your choice at this point and vice versa. However, once you’re at this point, you’ll want to select from Buggies, Truggies, Trucks/monster trucks, Crawlers, and their real-life replicas of Ferraris, Fords, Minis, etc.

6. What price are you willing to pay for a good Remote Control Car?

Establishing what it was supposed to be, we came to a very critical question, a question that we might as well ask at the beginning of our search. What is the value of the fun, what is our budget for a nice, good remote control car? This factor has already been discussed to some extent in the other points and we know that a children’s toy car is much cheaper than the adult version. The bigger the model, the more it usually costs and among the motorizations, the electric one is usually the cheapest. Also the speed can determine the price. So in the end, we’ll have to see what is the best combination we can get for the budget we allocate to this hobby of ours. Always keeping in mind that there are follow-up costs to consider for spare parts, fuel, maintenance, etc. The price of our toy versions with 5m range and 5km/h speed will be maybe $10, high end gasoline remote control car might cost us $3.4 or $500 or even more. As with everything, there is often no upper limit to what you can buy.

7. Where do you want to buy your RC racer?

Last but not least, where do I want to buy, today you have the options of going to your “Have it all Toy Store”, your specialist RC car dealer or the Internet. As with all products, these options vary in service, product knowledge, price, selection of available products, and after sales support.

Advice can certainly be given. Don’t buy a used RC because if you are a beginner.

Now, do you have a clearer idea about your new toy?

Digital Marketing

Are the corporations trying to kill us all?

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Seventy percent of the food you buy at the supermarket is processed. Processed foods have been linked to cancer in several studies. Of course, correlation does not mean causation. Which means eating processed foods may be because people are too lazy to cook and are getting cancer for another reason.

How about this. In insurance, there is something called “Moral Hazard”. This means that when we think we are going to be protected from some bad outcome, we actually behave in ways that will increase the probability of that outcome.

In cities where laws have changed to force people to wear seat belts, for example, people drive a little more dangerously. There are more accidents. Scientists believe that because people are buckled up, they feel more secure and don’t feel like they need to be extra careful.

How about this. They have shown studies indicating that in cities where access to doctors increases, people live less healthily. Which means that they subconsciously know that since they have access to a doctor, they don’t need to be as careful about how they live their lives.

What about this? We have politicians on TV all the time convincing us that we have a “right” to health care. That may be true, but if we believe that health care is our right, we will be less likely to take care of ourselves.

Wait, it gets worse. Every night we watch television. Lulled into an open state of hypnosis. And guess what we see? Lots of ads, you guessed it. And guess who pays for 70 percent of the advertising on television? Pharmaceutical companies. Big billion dollar pharmaceutical companies that convince us that every problem we have can be solved by taking some kind of pill.

Let’s put it all together. We eat mostly processed foods that have been linked to cancer. We are being mesmerized by our televisions and our politicians that it is not our job to stay healthy. Which means that big corporations are brainwashing us into being as unhealthy as possible. Why is this? Are they trying to kill us, or just squeeze every dollar they can get out of us before we die an untimely death?

Either way, things are not good if you expect other people, like the government, to take care of you.

Nobody really cares about you like you do, so start taking better care of yourself!

Relationship

Make your virtual assistant business stand out

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Every business must create a unique selling proposition to challenge the competition and increase virtual sales, and help their website stand out from all the rest. This includes a virtual assistant business, especially with all the new competition on the web.

Market analysts call this a company’s unique selling proposition (USP). A USP makes a virtual assistant business stand out and drives potential customers away from competitors. Your USP should be your secret weapon that sets you apart from everyone else. It has to be unique and identifiable only to your virtual assistant business, and it has to grab people’s attention as soon as they read it. Try to make it something that can’t be easily copied and offers your clients a specific, marketable benefit that you can capitalize on when preparing to market your VA business online and offline.

Most USPs are hard to come by and take a long time to formulate and develop. To make your job easier, here are some suggestions to help you create a unique selling proposition for your virtual assistant business. The most successful online VA businesses have made their mark by putting their business capabilities into words. Take a look at how your competitors market themselves before you start promoting yourself, and pick the skills that you think make you stand out. Slogans that showcase capabilities are crucial to building brand buy-in, so find a way to express your specialties as a virtual assistant and build a website with that focus.

  • What is the strength and weakness of your business? How about the competition? This makes it better for you to identify the necessary action areas from which you can proceed to develop your unique selling point.
  • What makes it unique? If there aren’t any, then make one up! In the long run, when your USP becomes word of mouth, your company will be recognized as a market leader and expert.
  • What problems does your VA business solve for your clientele? All clients always ask the question ‘How can you really help me?’ which is what your service should be able to provide. Offer a guarantee on your service or a solution to customer problems.
  • Be explicit and specific when articulating the unique selling point of your virtual assistant business. However, make sure you never make a statement that you can’t keep. Your USP or tagline may sound good and be very attractive, but if you can’t deliver what it promises, your unique selling point becomes dead weight and useless.

Once the unique selling point of your virtual assistant business is identified and established, the next step is to shorten or summarize it in a few words. Communicate it to the public where and when you can: in the phone book, on your stationery, promotional and marketing announcements, email signatures, anywhere your customers are available to read it and hear your message loud and clear.

Health Fitness

How to lose weight at home: 7 tips you should know!

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Are you trying to reach your weight loss goals? Did you know that you can make small changes to your diet and still lose weight? Let me show you how to lose weight at home.

The following 7 steps will help you reach your goals:

1.Breakfast

Do not skip breakfast. Skipping breakfast could cause your body to store fat, increasing your cravings for junk food. Doing this will also kill your mid-morning cravings.

A great day starts with a great breakfast. Make it great by adding protein and vegetables, this will also help you kill your cravings.

2. Drink more water

Experts talk a lot about drinking water. The problem is when you are not drinking enough water, because it causes hunger and not thirst.

Drink a large glass of water 30 minutes before each meal, it will reduce your hunger.

On the other hand, it will also help you burn fat. When you burn fat, you are sending all the toxins into your system; the water you drink will help you eliminate those toxins

3. The 20 minute rule

If you chew slower, you will be eating less food. It takes about 20 minutes for her brain to receive the signal.

Take your time and really enjoy your food.

4.Add Vegetables

Would you like to know how to instantly prepare a healthier meal?

Add vegetables to every meal, it doesn’t matter if it’s a pizza; you can create a healthier meal simply by adding vegetables.

Do this and your body will better process what you eat, which in turn will help you lose the extra pounds.

3 more things to lose weight at home:

5. Avoid sweeteners

Experts say that some artificial sweeteners could increase your cravings. Instead, you can try using other types of surrogates, such as xylitol gold Seville.

6. Fatty acids.

Increase your intake of Omega 3 fatty acids. You will burn fat by helping your body become more sensitive to insulin. Increasing your insulin sensitivity is vital if you want to be successful.

You can find it in chia seeds and flax seeds.

7. Multivitamins

If you don’t take in enough nutrients every day, your body will starve.

If your body goes into starvation mode, you will have a hard time losing weight.

Losing weight at home is easier than you think. Just start including these step by step tips and you will see amazing results.

Legal Law

Positives and Negatives of Working at a Big 4 Accounting Firm

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If you major in accounting, you probably talk a lot with your friends about getting a job at a Big 4 accounting firm. How is your aspiration to secure a job at PwC, KPMG, Deloitte or EY. However, you may be wondering which path is best for your needs. Is it better to intern at a small public accounting firm or work as an auditor/tax consultant for an organization? Sometimes it can be difficult to choose. Having worked for a large accounting firm for several years, I thought I would give you the positives and negatives regarding working at these companies. I hope it helps you decide which route is right for you.

Positives:

Work with the best accountants in audit and tax. These companies will only employ the best talent, which means you will be collaborating with the best. As a result, you are put under pressure every day and dominate a lot.

Most of your coworkers will be close in age. This helps build group chemistry considering that you and your team have a lot in common. You like the team members you see in the workplace on a regular basis. If you work in a corporate company, you may not have a significant number of people your age as co-workers.

PTO time is significant. Depending on which parent company you are with, you can have up to 25 PTO days per year by the time you start. This is very unusual in other companies.

Lead a team early. Once you’ve spent two years working on staff, you’ll begin leading audit and tax teams as a senior. This is a great opportunity that cannot be found outside of the Big 4.

Annual Training. If you want to become a great auditor/tax advisor, you need to attend training regularly. Big 4 organizations have annual employee training and online classes to help keep employees current in today’s accounting profession.

Savings. Because the Big 4 accounting firms are multinational organizations, they typically have numerous agreements with various other organizations. This leads to many discount prices on things like cell phones, flower arrangements, clothing, and event tickets.

Points. Working as a consultant or in a team that must travel, it is possible to accumulate a large number of airline and hotel rewards. Use the company credit card and then use the rewards during your personal PTO.

Celebrations. The top accounting firms know how to organize various meetings for office workers. The Christmas party and after April 15 is always a good time.

Negatives:

Many hours of work. From the first day of the year to April 15, you will likely spend many hours in the office each week. 55 hours minimum to 80-90 hours maximum. The rest of the months, the work schedule changes depending on the commitment you are in. For those in audit, your hours will increase each quarter. Tax time also increases again after August. It is often rare to get a consecutive period of forty hours a week for more than a number of weeks during the year. In small companies, your working hours will be much less during the year.

No PTO period. From 1/1 to 4/15, you are not allowed to use your vacation time. This can be very irritating when your family and friends go on vacation.

specials. When you are elevated it is essentially connected to your experience level. It is only possible to become a senior only after two years as a staff member, five years as a manager, etc. High performers who may be able to get promoted sooner based on value will find this frustrating. However, this will never happen.

Self appraisal. For every project you do for more than 40 hours, you are required to complete a personal assessment. These are not fun to produce.

Politics in the Office. This is hard to avoid at any company, and of course the Big 4 accounting firms are not immune to this.

Time on a computer. It’s probably not healthy to stare at a laptop screen for more than 10 hours a day, but this is exactly what happens from 1/1 to 4/15.

Changing the Client. Daily commutes are rarely less than 35 to 50 minutes per direction. This is likely to affect you if you find yourself working after 11 pm every night during peak season. Those people who have a commission near their home are the lucky ones.

In the end, the benefit of working with a Big 4 accounting firm significantly outweighs the negatives. Having EY, Deloitte, KPMG or PwC on your resume is a great start to your accounting career. however, being employed by these companies is not for everyone. You should review this list and consider what you want for your own personal future. See if you can fit another element into it. Being an accountant no matter what happens is a very good option.

Lifestyle Fashion

Body Modification – Body Piercing

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Body piercing has become a major trend in Western culture. Ear piercing began in the early 1980s, when modern piercing techniques were invented and became hygienic. Western culture has no known history or tradition of body piercing, but many view it as a teenage rebellion and adolescents as significant, ritualistic body modification with a cult following, contributing to a sense of belonging. The body art scene began on the West Coast and many children and adults can now be seen around the world wearing nose rings, eyebrow and lip piercings, and stretched ear muffs. Another facet of body piercing called game piercing is done purely for the feeling of being pierced, the holes that are made in the body are not permanent and are done purely for adornment and aesthetics.

The piercing has its origins 4,000 years ago in the Middle East and mentions of ‘Shanf’ (nose ring) are recorded on the body. Traditionally, this practice is seen in the nomadic African Beja and Berber tribes and among the Bedouin of the Middle East, denoting wealth and status for a woman at the time of marriage. In 16th century India, nose piercing came into vogue as a trend from the Middle East and Mughal emperors. A woman’s nose is most commonly pierced in the left nostril in association with Ayurvedic medicinal principles relating to the female reproductive organs, allowing for easier childbirth and relieving menstrual pain. Western nose piercing came from hippies who traveled to India during the 1960s fascination with Indian culture and saw further popularity in the late 1970s punk movement as a counter-cultural and anti-conservative statement.

The ancient Aztecs, Mayans, and Native American tribes of the Northwestern United States used tongue piercings to offer blood and appease the gods, often producing an altered state in the pierced priest or shaman to more effectively communicate with the gods. Pierced ears and earlobes are the earliest recorded examples of body piercing. Pierced ears on the body of a mummified man found in an Austrian glacier in 1991 were found to be more than 5,000 years old. Ear piercing has a protective symbology in primitive cultures to prevent evil spirits from entering the body through the ears. Ear piercings were not restricted to women’s adornment, “As the Roman Republic became more effeminate with wealth and luxury, earrings were more popular with men than women; no less than a macho man like Julius Caesar brought back the wearing of rings in men’s ears to the reputation and fashion”. “Jewelry and Women; Romance, Magic, and the Art of Feminine Adornment” Marianne Ostier, Horizon Press, New York, 1958

The Dogon tribe of Mali and the Nuba of Ethiopia pierce their lips for religious implications. In the native tribes of Central Africa and South America, lip or lip piercing is done with wooden or clay plates, stretching the upper and lower lips to great proportions. The ancient Aztecs and Mayans wore labret piercings to indicate wealth and higher caste with golden serpent-shaped discs, often decorated with brilliant stones, jade or obsidian. Walrus ivy, bone, wood, or abalone shell were used for labrets by the Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest, as well as the Inuit of northern Canada and Alaska. Some of the most extreme examples of ritual lip piercing and stretching can be seen among Djinja women in the Chari River area of ​​the Central African Republic and Chad. Members of the tribe stretch the lips of their future wives as part of a marriage ritual in which the young woman’s lip is stretched up to 24 cm in adulthood.

The warrior cultures of Iranian Jaya, New Gunea, and the Solomon Islands pierce the septum with pig tusks, feathers, wood, and bone.

The Asmat tribe of Jaya pierces the septum up to 25mm using leg bones from a pig or a tibia bone from a slain enemy for ornamentation and prestige. The Aztecs, Mayans and Incas pierced the septum with gold and jade and this custom can be seen in the Panamanian tribe of Cuna Indians wearing thick gold rings. Septum piercing is also practiced by the native tribes of India and Nepal. Nose and septum piercings in the nomadic North Indian tribes of Himichal Pradesh and Rajasthan called ‘bulak’ are the largest known nose rings. Bulak are sometimes decorated with stones and are large enough to cover most of the mouth and cheek and must be raised while eating. Pendants are added to the septum piercing in Tibet.

In more civilized and traditionally sophisticated cultures, the nipple piercing was created to accentuate the breasts. In the mid-14th century, Queen Elizabeth of Bavaria wore dresses with a neckline that extended to the navel, exposing the breasts. This style of clothing led to the adornment of the nipples with diamond-studded rings and the piercing of both nipples, extending a chain through both. This style of piercing appeared again in the 1890s in Paris where “breast rings” were sold and became fashionable in upper-class social circles.